Stories Preschool Presents
The history of the world describes the history of humanity as determined by the study of archaeological and written records. Ancient recorded history begins with the invention of writing. However, the roots of civilization reach back to the earliest introduction of primitive technology and culture.





Third Crusade (1189–1192)


SHARE THE PAGE!

Third Crusade (1189–1192) | Stories Preschool

The Third Crusade (1189–1192), also known as The Kings' Crusade, was an attempt by European leaders to reconquer the Holy Land from Saladin. The campaign was largely successful in capturing the important cities of Acre and Jaffa, and reversing most of Saladin's conquests, but it failed to capture Jerusalem, the emotional and spiritual motivation of the Crusade.

After the failure of the Second Crusade, the Zengid dynasty controlled a unified Syria and engaged in a conflict with the Fatimid rulers of Egypt. The Egyptian and Syrian forces were ultimately unified under Saladin, who employed them to reduce the Christian states and recapture Jerusalem in 1187. Spurred by religious zeal, King Henry II of EnglandFlag of Kingdom of EnglandThe Kingdom of England was a sovereign state on the island of Great Britain from about 927, when it emerged from various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, until 1 May 1707, when it united with Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain. The Viking invasions of the 9th century upset the balance of power between the English kingdoms, and native Anglo-Saxon life in general. The English lands were unified in the 10th century in a reconquest completed by King Æthelstan in 927.England and King Philip II of FranceFlag of Kingdom of FranceThe Kingdom of France is the historiographical name or umbrella term given to various political entities of France in the medieval and early modern period. It was one of the most powerful states in Europe since the High Middle Ages. It was also an early colonial power, with possessions around the world. Colonial conflicts with Great Britain led to the loss of much of its North American holdings by 1763. The Kingdom of France adopted a written constitution in 1791, but the Kingdom was abolished a year later and replaced with the First French Republic.France (known as Philip Augustus) ended their conflict with each other to lead a new crusade. The death of Henry in 1189, however, meant the English contingent came under the command of his successor, King Richard I of England (known as Richard the Lionheart, in French Cœur de Lion). The elderly Holy RomanFlag of Holy Roman EmpireThe Holy Roman Empire was a political entity in Western, Central, and Southern Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars. From the accession of Otto I in 962 until the twelfth century, the Empire was the most powerful monarchy in Europe. The empire reached the apex of territorial expansion and power in the mid-thirteenth century, but overextending led to partial collapse.Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa also responded to the call to arms, leading a massive army across Anatolia, but he drowned in a river in Asia Minor on 10 June 1190 before reaching the Holy Land. His death caused tremendous grief among the German Crusaders, and most of his troops returned home.

Early 14th-century depiction of Henry and Philip Augustus taking the cross for the Third Crusade
Early 14th-century depiction of Henry and Philip Augustus taking the cross for the Third Crusade

 

After the Crusaders had driven the Muslims from Acre, Philip in company with Frederick's successor, Leopold V, Duke of Austria (known as Leopold the Virtuous), left the Holy Land in August 1191. On 2 September 1192, Richard and Saladin finalized a treaty granting Muslim control over Jerusalem but allowing unarmed Christian pilgrims and merchants to visit the city. Richard departed the Holy Land on 9 October. The successes of the Third Crusade allowed the Crusaders to maintain considerable states in Cyprus and on the Syrian coast. However, the failure to recapture Jerusalem would lead to the Fourth Crusade.

SHARE THE PAGE!

 

  • Outline of the Third Crusade (1189–1192)
    Third Crusade (1189–1192) | Stories Preschool
    HISTORIC BATTLES

    Third Crusade (1189–1192)

    The Third Crusade (1189–1192), also known as The Kings' Crusade, was an attempt by European leaders to reconquer the Holy Land from Saladin. The campaign was largely successful in capturing the important cities of Acre and Jaffa, and reversing most of Saladin's conquests, but it failed to capture Jerusalem, the emotional and spiritual motivation of the Crusade. View Historic Battle »

    Background: After the failure of the Second Crusade, Nur ad-Din Zangi had control of Damascus and a unified Syria. Eager to expand his power, Nur ad-Din set his sights on the Fatimid dynasty of Egypt.

    Preparations: The new pope, Gregory VIII, proclaimed that the capture of Jerusalem was punishment for the sins of Christians across Europe.

    Barbarossa's crusade: The elderly Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa responded to the call immediately. He took up the Cross at Mainz Cathedral on 27 March 1188 and was the first to set out for the Holy Land in May 1189 with an army of about 100,000 men, including 20,000 knights.

    King Richard and King Philip's departure: Richard inherited the crown and immediately began raising funds for the crusade. In the meantime, some of his subjects departed in multiple waves by sea.

    Siege of Acre: He amassed an army to besiege the city and received aid from Philip's newly arrived French army. The combined armies were not enough to counter Saladin, however, whose forces besieged the besiegers.

    Battle of Arsuf: After the capture of Acre, Richard decided to march to the city of Jaffa. Control of Jaffa was necessary before an attack on Jerusalem could be attempted.

    Advances on Jerusalem, regicide, and negotiations: Negotiations, which included an attempt to marry Richard's sister Joan to Al-Adil, failed, and Richard marched to Ascalon, which had been recently demolished by Saladin.

    Saladin's attempt to recapture Jaffa and the end of the Crusade: It is believed that Saladin even told the Crusaders to shield themselves in the Citadel until he had regained control of his army.

    Aftermath: Neither side was entirely satisfied with the results of the war. Though Richard's victories had deprived the Muslims of important coastal territories and re-established a viable Frankish state in Palestine, many Christians in the Latin West felt disappointed that he had elected not to pursue the recapture of Jerusalem.

HISTORY

 

Third Crusade (1189–1192) | Stories Preschool

Third Crusade (1189–1192)

The Third Crusade (1189–1192), also known as The Kings' Crusade, was an attempt by European leaders to reconquer the Holy Land from Saladin. The campaign was largely successful in capturing the important cities of Acre and Jaffa, and reversing most of Saladin's conquests, but it failed to capture Jerusalem, the emotional and spiritual motivation of the Crusade.


Stories Preschool | Building cool educational stuff for children and adults!

RESOURCES
This article uses material from the Wikipedia article "Third Crusade (1189–1192)", which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

 



© Stories Preschool. All Rights Reserved.

"Building Cool Educational Stuff for children and adults!"

 

Historic Battles and War | Stories Preschool Historic Battles and War | Stories Preschool

 

 

Historic People | Stories Preschool Historic People | Stories Preschool

 

 

 

Historic Timeline | Stories Preschool Historic Timeline | Stories Preschool
Historic Legends | Stories Preschool

 

Sports World | Stories Preschool
Contact Us | Stories Preschool

 

Historic Battles and War | Stories Preschool
Historic People | Stories Preschool

 

Historic Timeline | Stories Preschool
Historic Legends | Stories Preschool

 

Sports World | Stories Preschool
Contact Us | Stories Preschool
Historic Battles and War | Stories Preschool
Historic People | Stories Preschool

 

Historic Timeline | Stories Preschool
Historic Legends | Stories Preschool

 

Sports World | Stories Preschool
Contact Us | Stories Preschool